Step 3: Pinpoint your dominant psychological defense mechanisms.Step 2: Once determined valid, see how your profile compares to the rest of the population on the 10 Clinical Scales, and analyze your strengths and weaknesses on each scale by looking at its components.Step 1: Verify that your results are valid, and identify what bias these contain, if any.How to interpret your own MMPI-2 results? I have written this instruction manual with the aim of being as exact, as exhaustive, yet also as simple as possible, such that anyone can do it and fully understand what they are doing. Given this complexity, you may find the task of interpreting your own MMPI-2 results overwhelming. This general guideline notwithstanding, keep in mind that these point ranges do not apply rigidly, that is, some scales accept certain T-Scores as normal while other scales consider the very same scores abnormal. On the lower bound, any T-Score below 35 would not be considered normal. Usually, anything above a 75 T-Score denotes a very high ranking on that scale, that is, within the top 1% of the population. Likewise, anything above a T-Score of 65 falls outside the normal range (among the top 3 to 5% of the general population). T-Scores are not percentages, but may be translated into percentages. What you will be paying attention to are the T-Scores, not the Raw Scores, unless otherwise specified. Please note that the MMPI-2 produces T-Scores and Raw Scores. To take the MMPI-2 free of charge, click here. Each of these is in itself composed of various other sub-scales. Once validity of the results are established, a profile is created employing the 10 Clinical Scales: hypochondriasis ( Hs), depression ( D), hysteria ( Hy), psychopathic deviate ( Pd), masculinity/femininity ( Mf), paranoia ( Pa), psychathenia ( Pt), schizophrenia ( Sc), hypomania ( Ma), and social introversion ( Si). Using 567 true or false questions, it rates the tester on 130 categories (validity scales included). The university also makes certain that a practitioner is qualified to administer the test before selling it to them.The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) is the most comprehensive personality test currently available. Any practitioner who wishes to use the test must pay the university royalties. The copyright for the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory is still held by the University of the Minnesota. The MMPI-2-RF version was released in 2003 but is still not as widely used as the MMPI-2. This new version is designed to be used on adolescents and consists of only 478 questions. It is considered valid only on adults and was released in 1989. The MMPI-2 is the version currently in use.
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Most of these criticisms have been dealt with as the test has been refined. It has also been criticized for containing many sexist and racist elements. Critics have considered the test biased against certain groups, particularly Native Americans. The sample group that was originally used to standardize the results has now been deemed to be inadequate. This test has been quite controversial through the years. It takes approximately an hour to an hour and a half to administer the test. Most answer sheets are now computer scored. This is a complex personality test but is taken in a standardized form. Each scale contains a subset of the total number of questions, and the size of the subset varies by scale from 32 for Hypochondriasis to 78 for Schizophrenia. The scales measure such traits as hypochondria, hysteria, depression, paranoia, schizophrenia, psychopathic deviations and introversion. The test has 10 different scales, which are numbered 0 through 9. Nor are all of these practitioners qualified they must have undergone specific training before being certified to administer the MMPI. A psychiatrist or clinical psychologist must administer and interpret the test. These latter uses have proven to be highly controversial.Ĭurrently the test consists of 567 questions. It is also used in criminal defense cases and to screen candidates for certain high-risk jobs. The MMPI may be the most frequently given test in the field of psychology. It was developed at the University of Minnesota.
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The test is designed to determine the structure of a person's personality and to identify psychopathology. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, or MMPI, is a personality test that was developed by Dr.